Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Conservation of Endangered Marsupials Essay -- Breeding Genetics Repro

Conservation of Endangered Marsupials Marsupials are creatures that are a very unique group of mammals. Many creatures are becoming threatened, and some have already become extinct. Threatened marsupials could be a pool of agricultural, medicinal, or genetic wealth that we do not yet have the technology to utilize. There are many methods to conserving these genetic pools; one of which is through reproduction manipulation. Artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and nuclear transfer are ways in which marsupials can be conserved if proper adjustments are made. Special considerations for artificial insemination of marsupials include equipment for collection and distribution, freezing, cryoprotectant and storage, and seasonality issues. Special considerations for embryo transfer include seasonality, collection, equipment for distribution, cryoprotectant and storage, and synchronizing both cycle and lactation of recipient. Special considerations of nuclear transfer include seasonality, protecting the compromised embr yo, uterine compatibility, gestation, and synchronization of both estrus and lactation due to embryonic diapause. If all adjustments are considered, then successful artificial insemination, embryo transfer, or nuclear transfer can occur. Examples of such successes will be discussed as well as some trial and errors. With more research and technological development, conservation of endangered or threatened marsupials can become more efficient to ensure the survival of these genetic marvels. Introduction Marsupials are very unique creatures with rare attributes which indicate the link between modern mammals and more primitive species. The possibility of extinction is threatening marsupial populations; so... ...supials. Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 13: 653-659. Taggart, D. A. 1994. A Comparison of Sperm and Embryo Transport in the Female Reproductive Tract of Marsupials and Eutherian Mammals. In Marsupial Reproduction: Gametes, Fertilization, and Early Development Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, 31-52. CSIRO Australia. Temple-Smith, Peter D. 2003. Integrating Reproductive Sciences into Recovery Programmes for Declining and Extinct Marsupial Populations. In Reproductive science and integrated conservation, ed. William Holt, Amanda Pickard, John C. Rodger, David Wildt. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Tyndale-Biscoe, Hugh, Marilyn Renferee. 1987. Reproductive Physiology of Marsupials. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Youngs, Curtis. March 31, 2005. Personal Interview. Iowa State University. Dr. of Animal Science.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Assessment Of Special Education Centers And Its Impact Education Essay

The birth of any kid can hold a important consequence on the kineticss of the household. Parents and other kids in the household must undergo a assortment of alterations to follow to the force per unit area of a new member. The consequence of the birth of a handicapped kid on household can be even more profound. The physically challenged kids are often characterized by extremes of behaviours, which in some instances influence the interactions they have with parents and siblings. The excess attention and particular adjustments are required by them. Families of physically challenged kids likely vary in their behaviour, societal attitude and household relationships as compared to households who do non hold disabled kids ( Hussain and Juyal, 2007 ) . Disability could be seeable or unseeable, impermanent or lasting. The first major and systematic record of handicapped individuals in Pakistan is available from 1961 nose count. Harmonizing to this record about 2 per centum of the population suffered from all sorts of disablements, peculiarly the kids of age group 0-14 old ages after the initial crisis, many parents develop healthy and constructive attitude towards their disabled kids maximal population of Pakistan lives in rural countries so bulk of the kids are born and brought up at that place. The overall status of our small towns gives their life as start with multiple disadvantages. They suffer from unwellness caused by malnutrition and non-hygienic status. The state of affairs of disabled kids is far from satisfactory. The causes of this calamity are poorness, ignorance, malnutrition, hapless lodging installations, unequal health care and environment act as a accelerator for infection. Good physical and mental growing can non be achieved in an environment where there is poorness and wretchedness, nutrient and shelter is unequal and wellness services are either missing or highly unequal. The inauspicious societal, economic and environmental conditions can be considered responsible for the hapless rational public presentation of many kids, who in more favourable environment could develop abilities within a spectrum. ( David, 1978 ) Education of the disable kids was considered as useless exercising. The premise was in past that a disable individual could ne'er go an built-in member of the society. Persons with professional expertness to learn handicapped kids were non available and there was no substructure to back up the instruction, preparation and rehabilitation of particular kids. The clip has changed and the instruction of disable has started with a focal point. A gradual realisation has emerged that the instruction of a disable kid is every bit of import as the instruction of an able bodied chief watercourse kid. The particular school system evolved in Pakistan every bit early as first decennary of 20th century, nevertheless the schools are non in sufficient Numberss to provide all the particular kids. The function of non-government organisations ( NGOs ) is really important in the development of particular instruction in Pakistan. The installations to back up higher instruction for particular people in co lleges and universities are non available. The mainstream schools do non hold instructors and equipment to suit particular kids ( Ali, 2003 ) . One-fourth of the instructors believed that they had sufficient schoolroom clip for inclusion attempts, that they were presently prepared to learn pupils with disablements, or that they would have sufficient preparation for inclusion attempts. These findings were interpreted as support for the premise that instructors viewed pupils with disablements in the context of the world of the general instruction schoolroom instead than as support for the prevailing attitudes about integrating. General instruction instructors therefore demonstrated certain reluctance about inclusion that must be addressed if such a policy alteration was to be successful ( Welch, 1989 ) . The accent on particular instruction as a topographic point deflected attending off from the fact that particular instruction was a more comprehensive procedure whose existent kineticss were major subscribers to its success or failure A important portion of the particular instruction procedure was represented in the beliefs and actions of general instruction. An incorporate system means that particular instruction can non move independently as a separate system, but must explicate policy in response to the attitudes, perceptual experiences, and behaviours of general instruction ( Gallagher, 1994 ) . Consideration for the demands of pupils of particular school is the most cardinal facet of particular instruction. It non merely assist instructors to be after, invent and implement modified course of study but besides steer them to make congenial schoolroom environment, set single educational programs, arrange suited educational resources, follow effectual instruction schemes, and choice appropriate rating methods to better the larning out comes of particular kids. Parents themselves take their disable kid to particular school where the school staff entree their demands without following any standardised method for measuring the degree of kid ‘s disablement. Consequently, a really small item about the particular educational demands of the assessed kid is available which is non sufficient for instructors to invent effectual educational programs and set up appropriate resources for such kids ( Coenen et al 2006 ) . The issues refering instruction of disabled kids and sociological position are globally highlighted by societal scientist. The complexness in the nature of jobs has farther demanded prudent attempts particularly in traditional societies of developing states. Dera Ghazi Khan remained distant and disadvantaged territory of Punjab in footings of resource allotment yet the being and sustainability of particular instruction centres will find the socio economic position of disabled kids. The rating of centres will assist in finding the demands and jobs of these incapacitated population strata. In this respect the present survey will be lending a significant portion in bettering the efficiency of services provided to disable kids. Main aims of the survey are To analyze the jobs and jeopardies faced by disabled kids in particular instruction centre. To entree the quality of services being offered to particular kids in their centres. To do suggestions for policy shapers to minimise the dependence of particular kids.REVIEW OF LITERATURE:Mext ( 2002 ) explored that instruction system for kids with particular demands was switching to particular support instruction at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Ministry of instruction, civilization, athleticss, scientific discipline and engineering mentioned that the particular support instruction is a primary accelerator for the advancement toward an equal chance society for all kids including persons with disablements. The chief rule of particular support instruction is run intoing single demands of each kid. A womb-to-tomb support system shall be developed through co-operation among every sector in society to advance kids ‘s liberty and engagement in all societies. Ali ( 2003 ) studied the development of particular instruction web in historical position and the nature and set some steps for its betterment. In her survey she designed assorted instruments and conducted interviews of the particular pedagogues, support professionals, parents of particular kids and particular individuals. She found that the parent engagement in the instruction of particular kids is at minimum. A portion from this she besides concluded that huge bulk of parents of particular kids of all classs and particular individuals are non to the full satisfied with the instruction being given to their kids. She besides concluded that the function of non-government organisations ( NGOs ) was really important in the development of particular instruction in Pakistan ; nevertheless the installations to back up higher instruction for particular people in colleges and universities were non available. Alam et Al ( 2005 ) studied the behaviour of parents towards physically handicapped kids in Islamabad metropolis by questioning method. They found that a major proportion of the respondents had intermediate to graduation degrees of instruction. About 30 % of the respondent ‘s kids suffered from deaf and shit and blind. Majority of the respondents said that their kids were physical disableds since birth. Kitcher et Al ( 2005 ) studied that behavioural upsets were non merely really straitening to multiply disabled patients and their households but besides had a negative impact on their acquisition at school or other installation, peer relationships and societal competency, so more attending should be paid to name ( detect and classify ) and sharply treat behavioural upsets by pharmacological, educational and environmental intercessions. Kazimi ( 2007 ) reported that in Pakistan, three systems of Education at present operate 1. Normal schools 2.Special Education Schools and 3. Inclusive Schools. In the last named particular pupils of merely the lower categories were accommodated. She argued that jobs associated with working environment in Pakistan were broad ranging and have really terrible consequence on the personality of the individual, particularly when working with kids in particular scene or in inclusive scenes with mental deceleration or physical damage. Further more, Teachers really frequently experience stress due to professional demands and equivocal occupation description, parental force per unit area, non-supportive behaviour and deficiency of pupil motive. Similarly, Teachers working in mainstream inclusive instruction puting experience less emphasis. Molnara et Al ( 2008 ) reported the instruction of the extroverted coevals was ever a hard undertaking and this was peculiarly true for those educational institutes where pupils necessitating particular intervention were educated. These pupils were frequently educationally challenged, mentally challenged or multi-challenged. They present an international co-operation lasting for three old ages whose premier end was to build non-language-dependent package for disabled kids. They introduce the establishments taking portion in the development, the procedure of the plan ‘s creative activity, the stairss to use the plan and the possibilities and methods of betterment. Rao ( 2008 ) studied the individuals with disablements enjoyed co-existence, though at different times, the intervention and attitudes were at discrepancy. Out of all the types of disablements, an rational disablement airss greater challenges than the other types. The households of individuals with rational disablements did besides have demands different from others, which can non be segregated from the demands of kids with rational disablement. The National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped had developed many service theoretical accounts and contributed toward human resource development and research. National Policy has besides considered as important the development of human resources for supplying instruction to all kids with disablements in the general instruction watercourse. Many mileposts have been left behind in the way, important accomplishments have been made and chances have been created for the handicapped. Fletcher ( 2009 ) studied the pupils with a schoolmate with serious emotional job experience decreases in first-grade trial tonss, particularly pupils in low-income schools and within schools utilizing school-level fixed effects specifications were qualitatively similar. The magnitude of the decrease in mathematics accomplishment was about 30-60 per centum of the size of the adjusted black-white accomplishment spread. Since about 10 per centum of the pupil population has a schoolmate with a serious emotional job, the aggregative consequence on trial tonss of the policy of including these pupils is potentially rather big. Nabeel ( 2009 ) stated that Department of particular instruction Allama Iqbal Open University ( AIOU ) through distance acquisition system offers study/training at alumnus, Masterss and Ph. D. degrees. Teachers are prepared in 6 specialised countries of ocular Impairment, physical disablements, hearing damage, rational disablement, larning disablement and inclusive instruction. Each pupil is assigned to a coach who is a capable specializer. The particular instructor readying theoretical account through distance instruction system is highlighted. Pasha ( 2009 ) assessed that no standardised method is being used for particular instruction. In Pakistan International Classification of Functioning has emerged as a standardised method for mensurating wellness and disablement at both single and population a degree. He explored the range of ICF in the field of particular instruction and has established links between ICF classs and course of study countries, schoolroom activities and larning aims for bettering the quality of instruction. Further research has been recommended to happen solutions to get the better of the initial jobs in accommodating ICF model in the field of Particular Education in Pakistan.VI. MATERIAL AND METHODSThe proposed survey will be conducted in three Government particular instruction centres viz. D.G.Khan, Sakhi Sarwar and Kot Chutta of Tehsil Dera Ghazi Khan. A sample of 40 handicapped pupils will be selected through simple random trying technique from each particular instruction centre. Thus a sample of 12 0 respondents will be interviewed with the aid of good structured questionnaire. Data will be analyzed by appropriate statistical technique. The information obtained will be utilized to better particular instruction of disable kids.LITERATURE CITED:Alam, A. , H. Noureen, N. Akhtar, M. Imran, I. Iqbal and M. Jamil. 2005. Behavior of parents towards physically handicapped kids. J. Agri. Soc. Sci. 1 ( 1 ) : 1813-2235. Ali, A. K. 2003. A historical and appraising survey of particular instruction in Pakistan. Ph.D. thesis, University of Karachi, Karachi. Coenen, M. , A. Cieza, T.A. Stamm, E. Amann, B. Kollerits and G. Stucki. 2006. Validation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and wellness arthritis research & A ; therapy 8 ( 4 ) 35-47. David, T.1978. The societal psychological science of childhood disablement, Methuen and co. Ltd. London, 11 ( 4 ) 112-113. Fletcher, J. M. 2009. The Effects Of inclusion on schoolmates of pupils with particular demands: The instance of serious emotional jobs. A Edu. Fin. Ass. 4 ( 3 ) : 278-299. Gallagher, J. J. 1994. The pull of social forces on particular instruction. J. of Special Edu, 27 ( 2 ) :521-530. Hussain, A. and I.Juyal. 2007. Stress assessment and get bying schemes among parents of physically challenged kids. jamia millia islamia, new Delhi j. of the Indian academy of applied psychological science. 33 ( 2 ) :179 -182. Kazimi, A. B. 2007. A critical analysis of the emphasis bring oning factors in particular and inclusive instruction system. J.Manag. Soc. Sci.3 ( 2 ) : 87-93. Kitchener, N. , M. Khalaf, A. Raouf, and N. Nagy. 2005. Behavioral upset in multiple disabled Egyptian kids. the international J. of child neuropsychiatry. 2 ( 1 ) : 89-96. Mext.2002. Particular Support Education in Japan, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/tokubetu/03110701/002.pdf Molnara, I. T. , T. Radvanyib and E. Kovacsb. 2008. The use of altered ict in the instruction of kids with particular educational demand in different states of Europe. Ann. Math et inf. 35: 189-204. Nabeel, T. 2009. Teacher instruction for distance acquisition based particular instruction in Pakistan.j.Dis.Edu.10 ( 1 ) :83-95. Pasha, S. 2009. Scope of icf in particular instruction in Pakistan. J. Of research and contemplations in edu. 3 ( 1 ) : 34-48. Rao, L. G. 2008. Education of individuals with rational disablements in India. Salud Publica Mex. 50 ( 2 ) : 205-212. Welch, M. 1989. A cultural position and the 2nd moving ridge of educational reform. J. of Learning Disabilities. 22 ( 3 ) : 537-540. Student: Hammad Ahmad ______________Supervisory Committee:Ms. Sumaira Bano ( Chairperson ) _______________ Mr. Muhammad Ali Tarar ( Member ) _______________ Mr. Muhammad Ali ( Member ) _______________Forwarded:Head of SectionSocial Sciences and Rural Development College of Agriculture, Dera Ghazi Khan.Scrutiny commission:a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€  a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a ) Dr. Shafqat Nawaz B ) Dr. Muhammad Mudassar Maqboola†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€  a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ degree Celsius ) Mr. Muhammad Shahid Nisar vitamin D ) Dr. Fida HussainForwarded:a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ a†Ã‹â€ PrincipalCollege of Agriculture Dera Ghazi Khan Sub-Campus University of Agriculture Faisalabad

Friday, November 8, 2019

Gertrude Stein Quotes

Gertrude Stein Quotes American expatriate writer, her Paris home was a salon for artists and writers between the two World Wars. She lived with her companion Alice B. Toklas from 1912 until her death. Selected Gertrude Stein Quotations It takes a lot of time to be a genius, you have to sit around so much doing nothing, really doing nothing. Everybody gets so much information all day long that they lose their common sense. Paris was the place that suited us who were to create the twentieth century art and literature. A diary means yes indeed. When they are alone they want to be with others, and when they are with others they want to be alone. After all, human beings are like that. Artists do not experiment. Experiment is what scientists do; they initiate an operation of unknown factors to be instructed by its results. An artist puts down what he knows and at every moment it is what he knows at that moment. It is funny the two things most men are proudest of is the thing that any man can do and doing does in the same way, that is being drunk and being the father of their son. The Jews have produced only three originative geniuses: Christ, Spinoza, and myself. In the United States there is more space where nobody is than where anybody is. This is what makes America what it is. Americans are very friendly and very suspicious, that is what Americans are and that is what always upsets the foreigner, who deals with them, they are so friendly how can they be so suspicious they are so suspicious how can they be so friendly but they just are. Communists are people who fancied that they had an unhappy childhood. Let me listen to me and not to them. The minute you or anybody else knows what you are you are not it, you are what you or anybody else knows you are and as everything in living is made up of finding out what you are it is extraordinarily difficult really not to know what you are and yet to be that thing. We are always the same age inside. Any one doing something and standing is one doing something and standing. Some one was doing something and was standing. Any one doing something and standing is one doing something and standing. Any one doing something and standing is one who is standing and doing something. Some one was doing something and was standing. That one was doing something standing. I do want to get rich, but I never want to do what there is to get rich. Silent gratitude isnt very much use to anyone. The composition is the thing seen by everyone living in the living they are doing, they are the composing of the composition that at the time they are living is the composition of the time in which they are living. I like a view but I like to sit with my back turned to it. A vegetable garden in the beginning looks so promising and then after all little by little it grows nothing but vegetables, nothing, nothing but vegetables. Money is always there but the pockets change. The thing that differentiates man from animals is money. If you can do it then why do it? The nineteenth century believed in science but the twentieth century does not. It is the soothing thing about history that it does repeat itself. Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose. Explore Womens Voices and Womens History Womens Voices - About Womens QuotesBiographiesToday in Womens History About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote. Citation information:Jone Johnson Lewis. Gertrude Stein Quotes. About Womens History. URL: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/a/gertrude_stein.htm . Date accessed: (today). (More on how to cite online sources including this page)

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Circulatory System essays

Circulatory System essays Circulatory system, cardiac location and structures, the heart is the driving force of the circulatory system, contracting about 70 times/minute to pump an adequate volume of blood with sufficient pressure to perfuse all body organs. The muscular organ weights from 300 to 400g, its located within the mediastinum of the thoratic cavity. Living things must be capable of transporting nutrients, wastes and gases to and from cells. Single-celled organisms use their cell surface as a point of exchange with outside environment. Multicellular organisms have developed transport and circulatory systems to deliver oxygen and food to cells and remove carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes. Sponges are the simplest animals, yet even they have a transport system. Seawater is the medium of transport and is propelled in and out of the songe by ciliary action. Simple animals, such as the hydra and planaria, lack specialized organs such as hearts and blood vessels, instead using their skin as exchange po ints for material. This, however, limits the size an animal can attain. To become larger, they need specialized organs and organs system. The heart has three tissue layers: the epicardium (outer layer), the myocardium (middle layer),and the endocardium (inner layer). The epicardium is the thin inner layer of the pericardium. The myocardium, thickest of the three tissue layers, is composed of muscle fibers that contract, creating the pumping effect of cardiac activity. The endcardium, a smooth, membranous layer that lines all cardiac chambers and value leaflets, is continuous with the intima, or lining, of the aorta and arteries. The hearts four chambers-the right and left atria ventricles-are separated by the interatrial and interventricular septa.the atria are thin walled, low-pressure chambers that serve primarily as reservoirs for blood flow into the ventricles. The ventricles are formed by muscle fibers that contract to eject blood to the pu...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Marketing Campaign for Ocean Spray Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Marketing Campaign for Ocean Spray - Essay Example This mechanism which was coined by Crown Holdings Inc, had reduced the effort which was required to pen the jar. The appearance of the new lid is somewhat similar to the normal twist lid. The survey conducted found that Orbit lid was much easier to open than a normal jar out of the 100 respondent 85 of them considered it to be ‘much easier’ (Packaging World, 2012). therefore this was proved that the open lid would satisfy the customers and would provide an easy way to access he bottles. According to an article, the market has opened wide for easy open cans. With several new and modified new styles, companies are providing the customers with more convenient choices of their meals. As per the can manufacturer institute, the can shipped for human food consumption has exceeded about 25billion per year. Recent survey has revealed that in US more than 70% of the consumers eat few meals which are on the run each week (Wiemer, 2005). Recommendation Based on the innovation and th e rate of acceptance the company has decided to participate in the Christmas Exhibition to be held in London. Before participating in the exhibition, it is necessary to promote or to generate awareness in the mind of the customers about the new product. So at the initial stage promotional campaign such as advertisements would be aired in some channels mainly in food channels to generate awareness. The advertisements would also run on the other channels which are the most viewed channels by the mid level age groups, this is because the product is mainly aimed at the mid age level and the survey was also conducted on the women who belong to the age group of 40 plus. Therefore running advertisements would help them to know about the new re-launch of the product... Based on the innovation and the rate of acceptance the company has decided to participate in the Christmas Exhibition to be held in London. Before participating in the exhibition, it is necessary to promote or to generate awareness in the mind of the customers about the new product. So at the initial stage promotional campaign such as advertisements would be aired in some channels mainly in food channels to generate awareness. The advertisements would also run on the other channels which are the most viewed channels by the mid level age groups, this is because the product is mainly aimed at the mid age level and the survey was also conducted on the women who belong to the age group of 40 plus. Therefore running advertisements would help them to know about the new re-launch of the product with an easy open lid allowing them to easily open the jar. In addition to the advertisements, hoarding and bill boards will add on to the promotional activity. A big banner, situated in the peak are a would allow consumers to look at it and know about its re launch. The exhibition is also a big platform to re launch the product. There are thousands of people visiting the exhibition, thus making the avenue attractive would provide success for its target people.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Maternity Clothes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Maternity Clothes - Assignment Example At these times, the women need clothes that are not tight and clinging onto their skin but are loose and make them feel relaxed. Furthermore, these clothes are of chief importance because they allow the women the freedom of movement coupled with the freedom of space and provide comfort to the unborn baby. It is not advisable for pregnant women to wear clothes that are body hugging because such clothes can make them feel suffocating. Apart from the factor of feeling at ease, it is also important to several pregnant women that they look trendy and gorgeous. When the women are dressed in fashionable maternity clothes, it makes it easier for them to cross this pregnancy phase and also the months after in which they try to regain their figure. Maternity clothes are an excellent choice for the mental as well as physical well-being and to prove to the world of their proud accomplishment (Broderick & Broderick,

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 37

Case Study Example As a teacher, I can engage the students in the session twice in two consecutive days. The session involves students in handling bean bags with their hands and throwing them to their partners. They, therefore, end up taking part in a movement pattern of throwing and catching. The session has instructional strategies where the teacher takes a bean bag and demonstrates the movement with one of the students. He or she remains stationary and does an overhand throw of the bean bag to the travelling student. The student also uses an overhand movement pattern to throw the bean bag back to the teacher but with increased accuracy. All students in the physical education engage in the activity in pairs and do what they are instructed by the teacher. The two partners engage in a two-handed catch of a thrown bean bag and reciprocate with one remaining stationary while the other travels and vice versa. The physical exercise of throwing and catching a bean bag improves the developmental needs of students involved in the 45-minute session. It increases their attention span and interest in the physical exercise. In addition, a student is able to mingle with another colleague from outside his or her group of friends and experience fun together. The overhand throws movement pattern also increases the manipulative and motor skills of the students. This develops their muscles and other body